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Mirapex, an non ergot derivative, was launched in the US for treatment of Parkinson's disease. It can be prepared by two related routes, 5 steps and 3 steps, both involving an optical resolution with L-(+)-tartaric acid to afford the (S)-isomer. Mechanistically, it is a presynaptic dopamine D2 autoreceptor agonist which also activates D3-receptors.
It is well absorbed from the GI and excreted in the urine essentially unchanged with a half-life of 8-12 hr. Mirapex had favorable effects on the symptoms without levodopa for patients with advanced PD and allowed a 27% reduction in use of levodopa in combination therapy. It had an adverse events profile similar to other dopamine agonists and in advanced patients reduced the mean "on-off" hr/day from 6 to 4. It was safe but not efficacious in all patients.
1. Pramipexole is used alone or with other medications to treat Parkinson's disease. It can improve your ability to move and decrease shakiness (tremor), stiffness, slowed movement, and unsteadiness. It may also decrease the number of episodes of not being able to move ("on-off syndrome").
2. Pramipexole is also used to treat a certain medical condition (restless legs syndrome - RLS) that causes an unusual urge to move the legs. Symptoms usually occur at night along with uncomfortable/unpleasant feelings in the legs. This medication can decrease these symptoms and thereby improve sleep.
It is also sometimes used off label as a treatment for cluster headache and to counteract the problems with sexual dysfunction experienced by some users of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants. Pramipexole has shown robust effects on pilot studies in a placebo-controlled proof of concept study in bipolar disorder. It is also being investigated for the treatment of clinical depression and fibromyalgia.